Resin and method of making same



Patented Apr. 23,- 1940 PATENT OFFICE 2.19m BIS]! AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Carleton Ellis, Montclair, N. 1., alsisnor to Ellisl'oster Company, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April I, 1082. Serial No. 8,898

iscnm cizce-ss This invention relates to resins, balsams, and similar condensation and reaction products of the phthalic glyceride type,'that is obtained by reaction of a polyhydric alcohol or equivalent.v

ii material with an organic carboxylic acid, or mixtures of organic carboxylicacids. The invention of thisapplication is more particularly concerned with such resins and balsams and condensation products produced in the pres- 10 once oi inorganic acids, or compounds containing reacted inorganic acid radicals, particularly when such inorganic acids or equivalent materials enter into the resinous or similar complex obtained as a rault of the reaction.

1 Other features of the present invention include novel complexes produced from natural acidic gums, whether or not produced in the presence of the inorganic acid ingredient or compound.

Other and further objects and advantages of go the present invention will appear from the more detailed description set forth below, it being understood, however, that this more detailed 'description is given by way of illustration only, and not by way of limitation. since various changes may be made in this description by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

This specification is a continuation in part of application, Serial No. 223,478,1'lled'0ctober 1,

1927, entitled Resin and balsam prepared with the aid of an inorganic body and process, of making same,"v now Patent No. 1,970,510, patented August 14, 1934. The claims of that patent are v more particularly directed to the polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid condensation products produced in the presence of an inorganic acid body containing replaceable hydrogen, and particularly when at least two organic carboxylic acids are employed in producing such product, and to 40 methods of producing the same.

The'production of these complexes containing the inorganic acid groups or substancespre'sent in the complex molecule, may be obtained in a variety of ways. The inorganic acid radicals or substances may be employed as part of the reaction mass including any of the well-known organic carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols or their derivative'nand equivalents that have.

acid'substance or inorganic acid radical, as the- 5g case may be, may be reacted into the complex in one of two ways. first during the formation of the complex, that is during the initial resiniilcation reaction, and second, after the initial condensationshave taken place. In either of these methods, the inorganic acids, or the compounds con- 5 taining a reactive inorganic acid radical, may be utilized directly as such for reaction into the mass, or the acid may be ilrstesterifled, at least in part, by alcohols or phenols, for example, par- .ticularly polyhydric alcohols, prior to its iIiOOt- I.

poration. It should be kept in mind that the inrganic acid radical or compound not only enters into and modifies the complex. per se, but it also materiallyafi'ects and orients the reaction that would normally take place between the other in- I gredients present. I

In addition to inorganic acid substances and compounds containing reactive inorganic acid radicals. there are other materials that may beconsidered as closely analogous thereto that may Q also be employed in an analogous mannensuch as the chlorides of phosphorus, including the oxychloride of phosphorus, etc. and particularly when fatty acids or fatty 'glycerides are present in the complex, sulphur and oxygen are i illustrative of substances not truly acid, but which do react to materially modify the characteristics of such complexes.

Various examples of complexes produced, in accordance with this disclosure containing" I? ganic acids or compounds containing reactivflnorganic acid radicals are set forth below as illustrative of the features more generally discussed immediately above.

The following example illustrates a condensation product utilizing an inorganic acid, illustrated'by'boric acid for reaction with another organic carboxylic acid, particularly a dibasic acid and a polyhydric alcoholyspeciflcally illustrated by glycerol. Boric acid, tartaric acid and glycerol 9 were heated together in the proportion of 31 parts boric acid, parts tartaric acid, and 46 parts glycerol, parts being by weight, giving at C., a transparent amber-colored mass soluble in hot water; at C. an opaque, brittle product also 45 soluble in hot water, is obtained. Similarly boric acid, phthalic acid and glycerol yield solid lossy products. 7

Phosphoric acid may be utilized to modify the reaction product oi phthalic anhydride and glyc- 80 erol or equivalent substances. For example, re-. action of phthalic anhydride and glycerol in equimolecular proportions in the presence of 10% by weight of phosphoric acid accelerates the reaction of resiniilcation, the reaction starting at I phthalic-glycerol combinations produced in the absence of phosphoric acid. Similarly the glycerides of maleic and fumaric acids formed in the presence of phosphoric acid polymerize at lower temperatures than those obtained in the absence of phosphoric acid.

Sulphuric acid when present in considerable proportions, such as 10%, causes a rather too violent a reaction between the phthalic anhydride and glycerol or related materials, so that a lesser proportion of this type of mineral acid should be employed. Or in lieu thereof the acid salts may be utilized, such as ammonium bisulphate or sodium bisulphate. In general, it may be stated that the acid salts of the various inorganic acids may be employed in lieu of the acids themselves. Illustrating the use of the acid salts of sulphuric acid, molecular equivalents of phthalic anhydride and glycerol, together with 10% by weight of sodium bisulphate (calculated on the total weight of the other ingredients) was distinctly active. Reaction started at 135 0., and spontaneous solidification took place between 160 and 165 C. with the formation of light brown hard complex, infusible von heating. It is insolublein' water, and rather diflicultly soluble in organic solvents, such as alcohol-benzol mixtures.

Silico-tungstic acid used in the proportion of 10% acts somewhat too vigorously. Reaction starts at C. and at -125 0.11118 mix becomes very viscous. The Jelly-like mass which forms under the influence of this acid darkens rapidly, and an odor resembling burning sugar can be detected at the outlet of the air-condenser (reflux condenser) attached to the heating receptacle. The temperature in without application of external heat, reaching 160- C. at which point the batch becomes liquid again. On cooling, a very dark hard fusible resin was obtained, substantially altered physically and chemically by this acid.

Illustrating a different manner of employing the silico-tungstic acid; a mixture of phthalic anhydride and glycerol was first brought to the melting point (-140 C.) and silico-timgstic acid was introduced gradually. With less than 1% the temperature could be raised to 200 0. without solidification. The temperature was reduced to C. and silico-tungstic acid sufiicient to make 2 per cent was added. The marked infiuence of this proportion was'readily noticeable, although solidification did not occur, a fusible product being obtained. When 4% ofsilicotimgstic acid was introduced at 140 C. frothing began immediately, followed by spontaneous rise in temperature. solidification took place at C. as a result of such spontaneous heating and a hard slightly-dark infusible resin resulted.

Phospho-tungstic acid has a much milder action. Thorium nitrate and uranium nitrate likewise are mild in their action. With the latter, reaction starts at about 130 0. (evolution of water) and an increase in the viscosity of the melt up .to 200 C. There were no frothing or solidification phenomena. On cooling the product was a transparent yellow resin. somewhat sticky, fusible and slightly affected by water.

These example are fairly illustrative of various reaction products obtained by the use of such common inorganicacids as phosphoric acid, borlc acid, chromic, sulphuric acid, and their acid salts, particularly such as the sodium or ammonium amass:

acid salts, including sodium and ammonium-bisulphates, as well as the rarer acids, such as silico-tungstic acid, and phospho-tungstic acid,

etc. A wide range of acid bodies of the inorganic domain may thus be employed.

Considering such substances as may .conveniently be classified along with the inorganic acids, although they are not truly inorganic acids, these may be exemplified by the various chlorides and oxychlorides 'of phosphorus. Phosphorus pentachloride, for example, acts differently from phosphoric acid. Phthalic acid and glycerol in molecular proportionwere mixed with 10 to 15% of phosphorus pentachloride with constant stirring. On heating under a reflux condenser without agitation, the mixture darkened rapidly at a temperature near the melting point of phthalic anhydride and started to froth. The frothing continued for some time without any external heat being applied. On cooling, a dark resinous mass was obtained which was hard and brittle.

When a similar reaction mixture was heated with agitation, it was'observed that the'mix became liquid and transparent below the melting point of phthalic anhydride. The first traces of water were given of! at 155 0., and at this point they liquid darkened slightly. 'Iheseparation of water continued until the temperature reached C. ;and then stopped. At'210 C. thickening occurred and water was given off a second time. solid took place at 215 0. followed by a spon- Rapid solidification to a spongy v taneous rise in temperatureat 230 C. The resuiting product is a porous, hard, infusible solid, slightly darkin color.

Phosphorus trichloride and oxychlorlde may be used in like manner.

The inorganic acids, acid salts. and compounds containing reactive inorganic acid radicals, may

be employed in'a similar manner in the produc- I tion of these condensation complexes, in which glyceride oils, or the fatty acids fromv glyceride oils, or the individual higher fatty acids, per so, such as oleic, linoleic, stearic, and the various individual acids that are found in thesiccative oils may be employed. as exemplary of such combinations, the following are given.

' The following example illustrates the use of ammonium bisulphate, in the reaction between a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, and thefatty acids of a glyceride oil. 54 parts by weight of phthalicanhydride, 20 parts glycerol, and 1 part ammonium bisulphate were heated in a receptacle without mechanical agitation. At

ISO-100 C. considerable darkening occurred. 15 parts of linseed oil fatty acids were added, and

the temperature was gradually increased to- 220 C. to obtain a homogeneous product, dark brown in color, and soluble in a mixture of bensol and.

alcohol, equal parts. During the above heatingoperation, the order of acrolein was observed, showing that decomposition When using the same proportions dride, 20 parts glycerol, and 15 parts linseed oil and modification was taking place. r'

and proce dure as that employed above for the ammonium bisulphate reaction, but substituting sodium biaromas fatty acids, a resin was obtained of a generally similar-character but slightly lighterpin color that produced by the ammonium bisulphate or the sodium bisulphate used singly. I I

Similarly the ammonium bisulphate may be utilized in the production of theoleic acid types of combinations. 40 parts phthalic anhydride,-16

parts glycerol, 20 parts oleic acidand 1 part ammonium bisulphate were heated to about 170 C. at which point a fairly vigorous reaction set in. Then the temperature was carriedto 240 C. over a period of one-half hour to=cause further reaction and polymer-imtion. Vapors of acrolein were noted. The final productwasa-darkbrown,

acid set forthin theaboveexample, and utilizingan identical procedure, a dark brown product, I

slightly harder than the oieic resin, was secured. It was partially opaque, but gave a'transparent film when incorporated in a solution of nitrocellulose. 1 1 1 The following example illustrates the use of metaphosphoric'acid replacing a portion 'of the phthalic anyhydride in the production of a linseed 611 fatty acids resin. 40 parts by weight of linseed oil fatty acids, 41 phthalic' anhydride,'5 parts metaphosphoric acid, and 23 parts glycerol were employed. The phosphoric was first dissolved in the glycerol, and then added to the mixture of acids. The entire mixture was heated with mechanical agitation under an air condenser. up to 290 C. in '30 minutes. Theresulting product was a dark resin, slightly lighter than a'corresponding resin produced omitting bensol-alcohol mixture,'and alsozinbutyl acetate.

The solution in butyl acetate was slightly turbid. but could be cleared by addition of benzol for toluene. The resin blends with nitrocellulose."

In the example given above, it will be noted that the phosphoric acid was first dissolved in the glycerol. A similar step may be employed to produce partialreaction at least between the phosphoric and the glycerol beforethese materials are reacted with the other acids. Eor this purpose the phosphoric acid and glycerol may be heated prior to the incorporation of the other Y acids, and then thefiremainder cf the example followed through. Such a process illustrates the preparation of esters ofthe inorganic acids and their reaction into the complexes.

Reference. to the initial production of the glycero -phosphates, particularly when they contain aremaining unreacted acid groupdn the phosphoric acid residue, il-lustrateas noted, the production of these inorganic acid reaction complexes where the acid componentis utilized in eater form. Another example that serves to illustrate the use of the esters of the inorganic acids. and in this instance of a monobasic in- 9 organic acidis concerned withthe use of chlorhy drins of the polyhydric'alcohols. A sample of polyglycerols, together with chlorhydrlns, was prepared by boiling glycerin with one-half of its bulk of water in 10% of hydrochloric acid at C. for six hours. This mixture with 2 parts of phthalic anhydride was submitted to esterification. Thickening of the mass and first separation of water started at'140' 0., and the reaction behaved in general similar to that of the glycerolphthalic combinationaexcept that the temperatures at which reaction took place in the several stages was lower: the first period showing reaction with the polyglycerol-chlorhydrins combination at from to C. whereas glycerol gives the first period of reaction at about 185 C.; the

second period of reaction with thepolyglycerolchlorhydrins combination was at -160 0., whereas the glycerol alone, the second period of reaction is at 210 C.;' and the final solidification with the polyglycerol-chlorhydrins combination took place between '200-205 0., whereas with glycerol, the solidification takes place at 235-- 240 C. similarly the other inorganic acidsor compounds having reactive inorganic acid radicals may be converted into esters either with alcohols of the aliphatic or aromatic series, phenols, etc.-, and utilized in the production of these complexes. The term inorganic acid ester is used herein to cover esters of an alcohol or phenol withgan inorganic .acid.

Along slmilar'lines one may look upon the use of sulphonlc acids, nitro compounds, etc., as illustrative of compounds containing reactive inorganic acid radicals. Or on the other hand, they may be looked upon as esters of the corresponding inorganic acid with an alcohol or phenol as the case may be.

As illustrative of the production of these complexes by the utilization of compounds containing reactive inorganic acid groups, the nitro and sulphonic acids havebeen referred to. The following illustrates the production of a condensation product by the use of benzoic acid in admixture with nitro-benzoic acid and a polyhydric alcohol. containing from 10 to 15% of nitro-benzoic acid, and 26 parts by weight of glycerol were heated underan air condenser while agitating. The

mixture was gradually heated for 2 hours,

100 parts by weight of benzoic acid bringing the temperature slowly up to 290 C.

On cooling the product obtained was'a viscous very dark mass, soluble in organic solvents, and by itself a solvent for nitrocellulose. As compared with the ester of benzoic acid per se, the product obtained in this example was heavier in consistency, but still rather'soft.

A further example illustrating the use of paranitrobenzoic 'acid'in a three-component complex is given. 25 parts of paranitrobenzoic acid, 22 parts phthalic anhydride and 14' parts glycerin were heated for onehourythe temperature in that time rising to 280 C. -A rather' dark, hard and somewhat brittle resin was obtained. It was readily soluble in butyl acetate, but did not mix well with nitrocellulose in this solvent. This particular product is not as compatible with nitrocellulose as straight benzoic phthalic glyceride resin, and is also somewhat darker in color than the latter. f

Similarly, 25 parts by weight of paranitrobenzoic acid" were combined with 5 parts by weight of glycerol to form s. soft condensation product utilizable as a nitrocellulose softener, but upon further heating for about seven hours was mm mm a hard, brittle,

dark resin soluble in hot butyl acetate."

As exemplary of the use of sulphonic acids or 1 sulpho acids, the following example employing Twitchell reagent is given; 94 parts by weight of glycerin, 160 parts phthalic anhydride, 80 parts corn oil and 4 parts Twitchell reagent were mixed and heated with constant agitation. The

If allowed and the temperature allowed to drop to 210 C. 1 and heat again applied. By heating to 245 C.

the mass polymerized.

The examples given above are illustrative of the various types of combinations into .which the inorganic acids or compounds containing inorganic acid radical groups may be combined.

But the various types-of organic acids and polyhydric alcohols that may be employed in producing the complexes into which the inorganic acids are reacted is exceptionally broad. The organic 1 acids that may be included for this purpose comprise the aliphatic and aromatic, monobasic, di-

basic and polybasic acids, both saturated and unsaturated, including oxy or hydroxy acids, aldehyde acids, ketone acids, and other acids containing substituent radicals, particularly composed of two or more combinations of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Other acids containing substituent groups of which some examples have been given above include 'nitro, sulpho, chloro, bromo acids and the like.

Reactive terpene acids may also be utilized. The cyclic acids of the aliphatic series are those containing both the aromatic nucleus and a cyclic aliphatic group may be employed. Naphthionic 1 acid may be utilized.

Usually with such acids, there may desirably be employed fatty acids, particularly those derivedfrom the natural animal and vegetable fats and oils, and particularly because such fatty acids confer distinctive properties on the complex, including a notable degree of water stability. The glycerides may be utilized as set forth above, but they are less reactive and assimilable than the free fatty acids, and usually require some special procedure, such as pressure, the presence of glycols, the presence of acid gums, such as rosin, etc.,' in order to secure a well defined and reacted'product. The general class of organic acids that may-be employed include not only the mixtures of fatty acids referred to immediately above, but the individual acids, both saturated and unsaturated occurring in the fatty acid complexes obtained on saponiflcation of the vegetable fats and oils.

Considering in detail some of the organic acids that may be employed, there may be mentioned succinic, malic, citric, male-malic, mucic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, pyro-tartaric, glutaric, lactic,

acrylic, adipic, hydracrylic, glycoiic, azelaic; di-

glycolic, glyoxylic, suberic, hydroxy-butyric acetoacetic, Pyro-racemic, pyruvic, benzoic, chlorbenzoic, nitrobenzoie, benzoyl-benzoic, toluylbenzoic, cinnamic, salicylic, diphenic, naphthoic, naphthalic, tolulc, hydro-cinnamic amino-benzoicoranthranilic, camphorlc and the like. Liduid acids of the lower aliphatic acid series, such as propionic and chloracetic, generally are used the fatty acids of lard, tallow neatsfooagseal,

whale, menhaden, cod, cocoanut, palm kernel,

peanut, olive, cottonseed, corn, soya, palm, rape,

sesame, linseed, tung, perilla and sunflower oils and their oxidized, blown or hydrogenated,

chlorinated or otherwise substituted derivatives.

These oils include such acids as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, erucic,. behenic, linoleic, linolenic and clupanodonicacids.

Other and possibly more-anomalous raw materials are the free acids of cocoabutter, Japan wax and castor oil. I

Mixtures of the different oils with orwithout inclusion of their'freefattyacids, and mixtures of the free fatty acids of-difl'erent oils may be employed, especially those: having differing chemical characteristics, such as cottonseed acids and cocoanut acids. Both siccative and non-siccative oils and their fatty'acids may be employed in producing these .complexes. in general when the fatty acids are employedwin producing these complexes, there is desirably employed .another organic carboxylic acid, such asphthalic acid or its equivalent,.as illustrated in several of the examples given above.

These various complexes may also. be produced with or modified by. means of the naturalresins, such as rosin, oxidized rosin, dammar, sandarac, mastic, elemi, the resin esters, such as este gum, etc. I f

Complexes produced by means of the natural acid resins, illustrated by rosin, for example,,

have many desirable properties and many purposes. The natural resins, such as rosin, may.

be reacted with a polyhydric. alcohol and another organic carboxyiic acid "of the non-resin type, such as phthalic anhydride, for example. De-

sirably monobasic acids may be employed in producing the complexes with the natural acid anhydride were used in approximately equimolecular proportions,'except the phthalic an hydride whichwas employed in one-half molec-[ ular proportion. For this purpose 302 partsby weight of waterwhite rosin, .122 parts benzcic acid, phthalic anhydride .74 parts, and 94 parts glycerol were heated while agitated, 'the temperature being carried to 290C. in one hour. A product of acid number 37.5, somewhat soft and sticky, and soluble in benzol or alcohol and benzol mixtures was obtained.

A rosin salicylic phthalic glyceride may be prepared by heating water-{white rosin, 60.4 parts by weight, salicylic acid 37.6 parts, phthalic anhydride 14.8 parts and 98% glycerol 18.8 parts. and the temperature carried to 290 C. in 40 The materials were heated together,

aromas minutes. A hard but somewhat tacky resin was obtained, rather lighter in color than rosin phthalic glyceride. Heating under vacuum tended to harden the product. The rosin salicylic phthalic glyceride, resin produced clear 50%solutions in benzol, toluol and xylol.

A rosinbenzoic glyceride may be prepared from water white rosin 300'parts by weight, benzoic acid 89.1 parts, and glycerine (98%) 58.9 parta'these ingredients being mixed, melted together in a suitable vessel and heated over a period of 1 hours to 290 C. using mechanical agitation throughout. (The proportions of ingredients suggest the equivalent of 3 parts of rosin ester to 1 part of glyceryl tribenzoate). A light brown, soft, sticky, transparent resin results of acid number 41.9. .The resin is completely soluble in benzol, acetone, butyl acetate, and in a mixture of equal parts of benzol and alcohol, but is not solublev in straight denatured alcohol. It blends well with soluble cotton in butyl acetate-benzol mixtureand exerts a softening action therein so that it may be used as a relatively inexpensive softening agent.

Similarly, instead f using monobasic aromatic acids, 'monobasic' aliphatic acids may be employed, particularly the fatty acids of high molecular weights; including both the saturated acids, such as stearic,, and the unsaturated acids, such as oleic, linoleic, etc. Thus products from n, stearic or oleic acids, and glycerol or other poly ydric alcohol may be produced, both with and without the presence of inorganic acids, such as boric acid, sulphuric acid, and the other acids and acid salts mentioned above. w

For example a stearic rosin phthalic glyceride may be prepared as follows: Stearic acid 38 parts by weight, waterwhite rosin 33.8 parts, phthalic anhydride 67.5 parts, and glycerol 35.7 parts were heated together in a suitable vessel to 290C. and held at that temperature for /2 hour. The product was a clear transparent amber .colored resin of slightly tacky nature having an acid number of 40.2. It was freely soluble in lacquer solvents and compatible with Longer heating than that given above may be used to harden the resin. 7

A further example of a modified resin from a higher fatty acid and a natural resin is the to following. The parts are by weight. Pentaerythritol 58 parts, stearic acid 45 parts, fused I congo resin 45 parts and phthalic, anhydride '74 parts. The mixture was heated together to 290 C. and held at that temperature for /2 hour.

A hard, somewhat brittle, amber colored resin resulted, of acid number 38.6. It was soluble in the usual lacquer solvents and was compatible with nitrocellulose.

A more complex higher fatty acid natural resin condensation product may be made as follows. The parts are by weight. A mixture was made of:

q Parts Stearic acid 14 Cocoanut fatty acid 14 Rosin 15 Fused Congo 15 Phthalic anhydride 14.8 Succinic acid 11.8 Glycerol 3.1 Pentaerythritol 13.8 Diethylene glycol 5.4-

This mixture was heated under an air cooled reflux condenser to 290 C. in one hour and held at 280-290 C. for one hour. A portion of the batch was poured on a flat surface and quickly cooled whereby a product of light amber color was obtained of plastic nature and blending well with nitrocellulose. The main portion of the batch was poured into a can to cool and formed an infusible polymer.

In the immediately preceding three examples, the amountof resin acid may be increased and with such increase of resin acid, the amount of polybasic acid may be decreased or eliminated entirely.

The followingexample illustrates a resin produced from a monobasic acid and higher fatty acids. The parts are by weight. Glycerol, 94, phthallc anhydride 60, benzoic acid 50, and corn oil fatty acids 100. The mixture was heated under an air condenser with agitation over a period of 1% hours to a temperature of 295 C. The product was a dark, honey like syrup of acid number 9.7, easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, alcohol benzol mixtures, butyl acetate, and. butyl acetate-butanol mixtures. It was blended with nitrocellulose to form a clear solution yielding a clear film. It showed a gelatlnizing action with second cotton.

A higher fatty acid condensation product produced in the presence of an inorganic reaction modifier is the following. Toluyl benzoic acid (commercial) containing an appreciable quantity 7,

While in many of the examples given above,

the polyhydric alcohol has been illustrated by glycerol, the various other polyhydric alcohols and their substituted products may be employed, such as glycerol in its various forms, dilute, concentrated, crude or refined; polyglycerols, which include a variety of products such as'diglycine having but two free hydroxyl groups, and therefore being more in the nature of a glycol, and other 'polyglycerols containing 4 and 5 hydroxyl groups; the various glycols, such as ethylene and propylene glycols; the ethers of the various polyhydric alcohols, such as the mono or di, methyl, ethyl, propyl ethers of glycerol, the monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol, etc.; the glycol ethers so-called," being polyglyeols obtained by condensation of two or more molecules of a given glycol into the inter-ether, such as dihydroxy diethyl ether, dihydroxy triethyl diether; the chlorhydrins or other halohydrins; ethylene oxide and its homologues, such as butylene oxide, mannitol, pentaerythritol, etc.

The examples given above have been primarily concerned with the introduction of the inorganic acid or compoundcontaining a reactive inorganic acid group into the resin during the preparation glyceride resin acetate. 1 part more of 6 other than oxygen or air. In fact, to prevent darkening, the use of inert atmospheres is frequently desirable, which may he obtained by bubbling nitrogen or fisher inert gas through the reaction mixture. tead of using nitrogen and inert gases, the acid anhydrides, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide may be employed. But such acid gases, particularly sulphur dioxide may have some effect in orienting the character of reaction products obtained.

As exemplary of the treatment of the resins after their initial production by compounds of the inorganic acid type, or analogous thereto, the following examples may be given. a

For example, a cottonseed phthalic glyceride resin was treated (A) with 1% phosphorus trichloride, and (B) with 1% phosphorus oxychloride, the resin in each case being dissolved in a mixture of equal parts of benzol and ethyl acetate. 1

The resin used initially was slightly tacky, but after the treatment by either phosphorus tri'chloride or phosphorus oxychloride, the tackiness dis-,

The viscosity in solution was greater A than with product 13.

appeared. with product As further illustrating the modification of these complexes, particularly when the fatty acids from vegetable glycerides have been reacted into the condensation products, we may illustrate the treatment of such products by either oxygen or sulphur, the following examples being concerned with the use of sulphur.

34 parts by weight of castor fatty acid phthalic were melted to 150 C. in an aluminum cup, and 3.4 parts of sulphur added. The sulphur dissolved, but showed no appreciable reaction at this temperature, so the temperature was increased to 180 C. and reaction progressed rapidly at 180-190"v C. The resin grew progres-. sively darker in color, and thickened to a rubbery brown mass. Upon cooling, an opaque and. brittle mass was obtained. It became quite rubbery on heating however. The product was insoluble in acetone, benzol, butyl acetate, toluol, etc.

parts by weight of castor fatty oil phthalic glyceride resin containing a sumcient amount 0! castor oil to be quite soft and tacky was melted to C. and 5 parts by weight of sulphur added. The temperature was carried to C. and the reaction mixture became dark reddish brown in color and was transparent. The temperature was taken to 200 C. in 5 minutes, and a small portion examined. On cooling at slightly tacky and rubbery material was obtained, which was soluble in toluol (the original material being insoluble in toluol). vIt was also soluble in butyl the sulphur was added, and the mixture heated a little longer. This caused the mix to thicken more, and it was then only partially soluble in toluol and in butyl acetate.- The product obtained from this reaction, in view of its rubbery nature and solubility, is suitable for artificial leather, with introcellulose, for'the'production of rubber substitutes, etc.

- A considerably different method of producing reaction of the inorganic acids is illustrated by the following. 700 parts by weight of rosin phthalic glyceride resin were dissolved in! 50 parts by weight benzol and 50 parts denatured alcohol. part by weight of syrupy phosphoric acid was added. The resin lightened-in color considerably. The effect of syrupy ortho-phosphoric acid in this connection is analogous to that of oxalic, which exerts a similar effect.

'Having thus set forth my invention, I claim:

1. An inorganic acid-modified natural resin polyhydric alcohol higher fatty acid reaction product. s

2. An inorganic acid-modified natural resin glyceride ,oil-polyhydric alcohol-organic. carboxylic acid reaction product.

3. A boric acid-modified natural resin glyceride oil-polyhydric alcohol-organic carboxylic acid reaction product.

4. A boric acid-polyhydric alcohol ester, organic carboxylic acid reaction product.

5. A soluble resinous condensation product consisting of the combined radicals of glycerol,

phthalic' anhydride and boric acid.

6. The process for making a resinous condensation product which comprises reacting a polyhydric alcohol, a polybasic organic carboxylic acid,

an acid of the fatty series containing several unsaturated linkages in the molecule, and a boric acid compound.

7. The process for making a resinous condensation product which comprises reacting glyc- 1 erol, phthalic anhydride and boric acid.

8. A resinous condensation product containing the reaction products of glycerol, phthalic acid, a fatty acid with several unsaturated linkages in the molecule, and boric acid.

9. A resinous condensation product containing the reaction products of glycerol, .phthalic acid, linoleic acid, and boric acid.

10. A resinous condensation product containing the reaction products of glycerol, phthalic acid, eleomargaric acid and boric acid.

11. A resinous condensation product contalning the reaction products of glycerol, phthalic anhydride, and boric acid.

12. A soluble resinous condensation product, capable of drying on exposure to air, and containing the radicals of glycerol, phthalic-acid, linoleic acid and boric acid.

13. The method of producing complex resinous condensation products, which comprises heating glycerol, phthalic-acid, boric acid, and a fatty acid until a resinous condensation product is obtained. r

14. The method of producing complex resinous condensation products, which comprises heating glycerol, phthalic acid, boric acid, and linoleic acid until a condensation product is obtained.

15. The method of producing complex resinous condensation products, which comprises heating glycerol, phthalic acid, boric acid, and linoleic acid in the presence of rosin until a resinous condensation product is obtained.

- CARLETO NELLIS. 

